Feather meal in broiler diet
Shrimp meal is a by-product of the shrimp industry. It needs to liquefy the food by regurgitating droplets of saliva, thereby transmitting pathogens. Shrimp meal may also be made of fresh water shrimps. Feeding lambs with shrimp shell waste mixed with Streptococcus milleri (a chitin-degrading bacterium) did not alter animal performance and decreased feed cost ( Cobos et al. Shrimp meal, shrimp waste, shrimp heads, shrimp shells, shrimp processing waste. It is a worldwide pest and a major carrier of diseases, as both the larvae (maggots) and the adult flies feed on manure and decaying organic wastes. , 2006 ). The ability of housefly maggots to grow on a large range of substrates can make them useful to turn wastes into a valuable biomass rich in protein and fat. The flies lay eggs in moist substrates such as manure and garbage heaps. Shrimp meal or shrimp waste meal is the undecomposed ground dried waste of shrimp. Shrimp meal was found to be a valuable feedstuff for dairy cows since it is well accepted and have no deleterious effect on milk quality ( Lush, 1936 ). Adult female flies lay 500-600 eggs under natural conditions and more than 2000 eggs under controlled ones. There are several types of shrimp meal on the market depending on the kind of raw material used. Shrimp by-products can be fed to sheep and cattle. However, in Nigeria, shrimp meal as a supplement to soybean stover and Panicum maximum -based diets for sheep did not give as good results as those obtained with other ingredients ( Oduguwa et al. Because of its high level of chitin, shrimp meal has poor pelletizing ability ( Hertrampf et al. The flies mate and lay eggs between feeding periods. Wet (raw or ensiled) shrimp material may also be co-extruded with soybean meal. Shrimp meal can replace fish meal or soybean meal in broiler diets. As a protein source used to supplement maize-soybean meal-based diets, recommendations range from 5% ( Cunha et al. This 10-day cycle can be shortened to 6 days under controlled conditions. Maggots feed for 4-5 days and then migrate to pupate in a dry place. In the flotation method, the manure is mixed with water and the larvae and pupae float out to be collected with a sieve.
A moisture range of 60 to 75% is suitable for larval development. The protein value of shrimp meal is moderate for pigs ( Fanimo et al. Various methods for producing and harvesting maggots have been described in the literature. Approximately 70% of total shrimp landings become waste, so there is a tremendous tonnage of shrimp waste produced. The dried product is marketed unground or ground. , 1980 ). , 2000 ). The high level of chitin has a depressive effect on digestibility. Large populations of flies can be obtained from relatively small amounts of substrate: for instance, 450 grams of fresh manure can feed 1500 maggots ( Hardouin et al. The adult fly feeds mainly on decaying organic matter. The fresh material may also be boiled or steamed before drying. Other Musca species have been investigated to a lesser extent, such as the face fly Musca autumnalis (De Geer) ( Koo et al. The larval stage lasts about 5 days and the pupal stage 4 to 5 days. Shrimp meal is manufactured by sun-drying or oven-drying. Using shrimp meal as a feedstuff is a part of waste management in the shrimp industry. , 2003 ). The use of housefly maggots to feed fish and crustaceans in pond farming has been studied extensively since the late 2000s. , 2006 ). The housefly ( Musca domestica Linnaeus 1758) is the most common fly (Diptera) species. Under natural conditions, housefly eggs hatch after 8 to 12 hours. , 2006 ). Shrimp meal is a valuable ingredient for poultry.
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Feather meal in broiler diet
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